中山市城区幼儿缺铁性贫血现况调查及相关因素研究

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of relevant factors for iron-deficiency anaemia in infants of Zhongshan city

【目的】了解中山市城区幼儿缺铁性贫血(iron-deficiency anemia,IDA)的患病率并进行IDA相关的饮食行为危险因素分析,为幼儿IDA的防治提供依据。【方法】采用随机抽样方法,抽取690例幼儿为调查对象,经小儿缺铁性贫血诊断标准证实为IDA,并通过问卷调查法对患儿进行相关危险因素分析,选取同期就诊的非IDA患儿作为对照组,调查相同资料,从饮食行为方面查找本地区幼儿患IDA的危险因素。采集资料进行汇总、统计学处理和分析。【结果】在抽取的690例幼儿中,IDA的平均患病率为7.0%。其中13～24月龄组IDA患病率为9.7%;25～36月龄组IDA患病率为4.3%,不同年龄组间IDA患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。即月龄越小、患病率越高。不同性别儿童IDA患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。调查了IDA组及非IDA组13个危险因素,其中偏食、挑食(OR=9.639,95%CI2.241～41.465)、吃饭慢、对食物不感兴趣(OR=4.640,95%CI 1.025～21.014)、两餐间吃零食(OR=16.306,95%CI1.749～151.982)对IDA的患病率有显著影响(P均<0.05)。【结论】纠正幼儿的偏食、挑食习惯,正确指导小儿饮食行为,能够提高血红蛋白水平,对改善贫血起到一定作用。

【Objective】 To discuss the incidence of the different-month-old infants with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia（IDA）and its related factors,and to make more rational strategies of prevention and treatment against iron deficiency.【Methods】 690 children whose ages were 13~24 months（group A,n=345）,25~36 months（group B,n=345） were randomly selected as study subjects.Meanwhile,developing questionnaire surveyed among them.【Results】 The prevalence rates of IDA were 7.0% in children aged 13~36 months in zhongshan city,The prevalence rates were higher in children aged 13~24 months（IDA 9.7%）,than children aged 25~36 months（IDA4.3%）.These data showed that there were statistically significant differences（P0.01） in respectively aged children.The three factors included in feeding behavior were closely correlated to IDA.【Conclusion】 Correcting the picky habit,and guiding the children＇s diets appropriately can improve anemia.