陕西省2010年出生缺陷流行特征分析

Epidemiologic characteristics of birth defects in Shaanxi province in 2010

【目的】了解陕西省目前的出生缺陷发生水平及流行特征,为进一步探讨影响该省出生缺陷发生的危险因素提供科学依据。【方法】按照中国出生缺陷监测方案,对2010年度陕西省25家监测医院出生的孕28周至生后7d所有围产儿进行出生缺陷监测,采用Excel 2003软件进行数据录入,SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。【结果】2010年陕西省医院监测的出生缺陷发生率为124.1/万,前五位出生缺陷依次为:先天性心脏病(16.4/万)、总唇裂(13.3/万)、神经管缺陷(13.1/万)、多指(趾)(11.3/万)、脑积水(5.1/万)。农村的出生缺陷发生率高于城镇(χ2=8.58,P<0.01)。出生缺陷发生率无性别分布差异。母亲年龄≥35岁的缺陷发生率最高(170.5/万)。双胎及以上的围产儿缺陷发生率明显高于单胎儿。【结论】陕西省2010年出生缺陷发生率低于全国同期水平,该省出生缺陷的分布具有明显的城乡、母亲年龄及胎数差异。政府部门应重视神经管缺陷在农村地区的一级预防工作,并针对高龄及多胎妊娠产妇采取有效预防措施。

【Objective】 To investigate the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of birth defects in Shaanxi province,and then to provide scientific evidences for exploring risk factors further.【Methods】 According to ＂The Birth Defects Monitoring Program of China＂,all perinatal infants aged from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after birth in 25 monitoring hospitals in Shaanxi province in 2010 were monitored for birth defects,the data were entered by Excel 2003 and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.【Results】 The incidence of birth defects in Shaanxi province in 2010 was 124.1/104,The top five main birth defects were congenital heart diseases,total cleft lip,neural tube defects,polydactyly,congenital hydrocephalus,respectively,The incidence of birth defects in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas（χ2=8.58,P0.01）.There were no significant differences between boys and girls,and the incidence of birth defects was the highest among those pregnant women aged over 35 years（170.5/104）.The incidence of birth defects among multiple births was higher than that among singleton.【Conclusions】 The incidence of birth defect in Shaanxi province is lower than the nationwide average level in 2010.The epidemiologic features are that the incidence of birth defects have significant differences between urban and rural areas,among different age of mother,between singleton and multiple births.The government should attach importance to the primary prevention work of the neural tube defects in rural areas,and take effective measures on women over 35 age and multiple pregnancy.