白术镰刀根腐病菌(Fusarium lateritium)生物学特性研究

The Biology Characteristics of Fusarium lateritium on Root Rot of Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz.

在不同培养基、温度、碳源、氮源、pH值以及光照等条件,白术根腐病菌在PSA上生长和产孢最好,菌落直径为4.23cm,产孢量为34.14×107个/皿,在淀粉培养基生长最差,在WA培养基上产孢最差;温度在10～30℃适合菌丝生长和产孢,25℃菌丝生长和产孢最好,低于5℃或高于35℃均会对孢子产生及萌发产生抑制作用甚至造成孢子畸形;碳源以葡萄糖和蔗糖生长最好,产孢最适为蔗糖,淀粉最差;氮源以硝酸钾生长和产孢最好,牛肉膏次之,硫酸铵上生长最差,而尿素上产孢最差;pH5～9适于病原菌的生长,最适pH7.5,pH过高或过低对病原菌的生长均产生不利影响;病原菌在荧光下生长最好,产孢量也最多。孢子萌发的最适温度为28℃,最适湿度为相对湿度100%,孢子萌发的最适pH 7.5,高于pH 9不萌发,分生孢子致死温度为50℃。

This research ascertained the influence on the hypha growth, Sporulation and the conidiospore germination of the pathogen from the culture medium, temperature, nitrogen resource, carbon resource, pH and illumination. The results illustrated that the best culture medium for hypha growth and Sporulation was PSA with the colony diameter of 4.23em and the spores amount of 34.14×10^7 per petri dish and the worst culture medium for growth was starch culture - medium and for sporulation was WA; The optimum temperature for hypha growth and Sporulation ranged from 10℃ to 30℃ with the best of 25℃. Temperature below 5℃ or upon 35℃ repressed the Sporulation and eonidiospore germination even causing the malfor- mation of the spore ; The best carbon resource for growth were glucose and sucrose, for sporalation was sucrose and the worst for sporalation was amylum; The best nitrogen resource for growth and sporalation was nitrate while the worse of beef extract, the worst for growth was ammonium sulfate and the worst for sporalation was urea ; The optimum pH for growth ranged from 5 to 9 with the best of 7.5. The pH higher or lower caused bad effects ; The fluorescence was the best illumination for growth sporalation. The best temperature for germination was 28℃ with germination rate of 28℃. The best humidity was 100% . The best pH was 7.5 . The spore did not germinate on the condition of pH upon 9. The killing temperature of eonidiospore was 50℃