清前期乡村基层的社会管理——以闽南地区为中心的考察

Social Administration of Basic Level in the Countryside in Early Qing Dynasty——A Survey of Southern Fujian Region

中国是一个以农耕文明而著称的国家,乡村基层社会的稳定,被视为国家安宁的前提,作为一个庞大的王朝而言,中央王朝不可能事无巨细,一切通览,而必须向地方分权、授权。一方面通过里甲、保甲对乡村基层社会进行管理,另一方面又仰赖于宗族与乡绅阶层对乡村社会的有效管理。从而达到"官民相得","民助官治"的效果,共同维护乡村社会的稳定与发展。

China is known as a country with farming civilization, the steadiness of basic level in countryside is regarded as a premise for a country＇ s stability. As a great dynasty, the central authorities found it very hard todo all kinds of work, it had to decentralize and authorize its powers. On one hand, it managed the society by Lijia system and Baojia system, on the other hand, it had to rely on patriarchal clans and country gentlemen to effectively deal with the countryside society so as to achieve a win -win effect, both authorities and common people maintained stability and development of countryside society.