春秋之际以诗言志的文学批评论

On Literature Criticism of Expressing Aspiration by Poetry in Spring and Warring States Period

春秋之际以诗言志的文学批评,自《尚书》提出"诗言志",《周礼》提出"诗六义",到吴三公子季札的"闻乐而论",再到孔子的"兴观群怨",孟子的"知人论世",庄子的"虚静物化"等等,先秦时期知名论者给我们留下的丰富而又宝贵、零散而又庞杂的关于文学批评的经典言说和著论,表明了对文学批评的看法和主张,形成了独具特色的中国文学批评的人文传统与创新精神。

During the spring and warring states period,there were lots of literature criticisms such as 'poetry expressing aspiration' in Shangshu(a book of history),and 'the six righteousness'(i.e.FENG,YA,SONG,FU,BU,XING.The first three refer to the different kinds of poems in form,the latter three refer to the use of words in poems) in Zhouli(a book about political and economic systems),'on hearing music' by Jizha,King Mengshou's youngest son of Wu State,'Xing,Guan,Qun,Yuan'(poems can be sung,viewed,grouped and complained about) by Confucious,'Zhi Ren Lun Shi'(a poem shows the writer's understanding of his time and world) by Mengzi,'Xuji,Wuhua'(poems are the writer's deep understanding of the outside world) by Zhuangzi,to mention only few of them.In the early Qin dynasty,famous learners left us precious and rich,loose and complex classical words or works about literature criticism,a firm foundation for Chinese humanistic tradition and creation spirit of literature criticism.