四季鹅胃肠道发育及消化酶活力的年龄性变化

Changes of gastrointestinal development and digestive enzymes activities in Si-Ji Geese

四季鹅于放牧及补喂稻谷条件下,从1日至10周龄,每隔两周宰杀10～12只。胃肠道发育及消化酶活力的年龄性变化表明,鹅的消化器官比其它器官率先发育,但2周龄后,消化道占体重比率逐步下降。鹅的肌胃及其食糜重量占胃肠道比例自始至终最大;2周龄时肌胃食糜出现砂砾,9周龄即占肌胃食糜的60％左右。盲肠发育较迟,2周龄时出现微生物消化,食糜已有较高总脱氢酶活力(1395u/100g),挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量达5.63mM/100g,随年龄增长,由乙酸型发酵向丙酸型发酵转变。但盲肠食糜量较少,对整个消化过程似无重要意义。1 日龄胰腺已有相当高蛋白酶(1141u/g)和淀粉酶活力(1111.39u/g),后者随年龄增长呈直线增高。

Si-Ji Geese aging from 1 day to 10 weeks under grazing with rice supplement feed, were slaughtered at 2 weeks interval. Observation revealed that the distive organ developed earlier than other organs, however the proportion of the digestive tract weight decreased after 2 weeks. The gizzard with its content remained as the biggest proportion of the gastrointestinal tract in various age groups. Gravel was dicovered in gizzard 2 weeks after birth which approximated to 60% of the gizzard content at 6 weeks old. The development of cecum was rather late, in which mirobial fermentation appeared at 2 weeks of age. There was considerable high level of dehydrogenase activity and VFA concentration in cecal content. With increasing age, The fermentation pattern was changed gradually from acetate to propionate. Since there was little content in the cecum it seemed to not important in the whole digestive process. There were appreciable high activities of protease and amylase in pancreas at first day after birth. The amylase activities elevated straightly with age increased.