从《水浒传》中的“横插诗歌”说起——关于古代小说中“特殊语言”的运用与批评

On the Inserted Poems in Outlaws of the Marsh:The Employment of Special Language in Ancient Novels and Critics on It

小说是一种散文体的文学样式,但在中国古代小说文本中,却往往有一些非散文的因素——诸如韵文、骈文之类不时出现于其间,我们可以称之为"特殊语言"。有时,它们虽然也以散文的面貌出现,那就是诸如行话、隐语、俗语、方言、歇后语等。这些"特殊语言",不仅在小说作品叙事或写人时发挥了散文很难达到的特殊作用,有时还能以"代言"的方式展现书中人物的个性特征。更为有趣的是,上述问题又引起了中国古代小说批评者们的高度重视。正因如此,如果我们对这些"特殊语言"视而不见的话,就等于丢掉了中国古代小说"语言艺术"研究的半壁江山。

Novel belongs to the literary style of prose.However,in ancient Chinese novels,there are often some non-prose elements as the embedment of rhythmic and ornate cases which we call special language.Sometimes,they appear in the form of prose,namely,jargons,slangs,dialects and allegorical sayings.Such language not only plays a special role which prose can hardly have in narration and description of novels,but in other times,it can appear in the form of other people＇s words which show characters＇ personality.What is more interesting is that the above phenomena have druwn extensive attention from the novel critics.Therefore,if we neglect such language,we might have abandoned the study of linguistic art of ancient Chinese novels.