我国民事诉讼中设立临时禁令制度的思考

Reflection on Establishing Provisional Injunction Systemin Chinese Civil Procedure

临时禁令在民事诉讼中是指在诉讼过程中,法院发布的责令一方当事人作为或者不作为的强制措施。临时禁令是英美法系衡平法中特有的一种救济措施。大陆法系中与之起到相同作用的措施是假处分制度。临时禁令制度在司法实践中起到了举足轻重的作用,是民事诉讼法里必不可少的制度。我国民事诉讼体系中目前还没有设立明确完善的临时禁令制度,而是在各个实体法、程序法和司法解释中设定了一些临时救济措施。这必然存在很大的局限性。因此,实现司法实践中的程序正义,设立并完善我国的临时禁令制度势在必行。

In civil procedure,provisional injunction refers to a coercive measure made by court to order a party to do or not to do.Provisional injunction is a particular relief measure in equity of Anglo-American law system.In Continental Law system,conservatory measures lead to the same result as the former one.Provisional injunction plays an important role in actual legislation.It is an essential measure in civil procedures.At the present time,provisional injunction has not been established clearly and completely in our civil procedure system.Instead,some provisional relief measures were formulated in substantive law,procedural law and judicial interpretation law.It shows obvious limitations on the judicial practice.Therefore,in order to realize the procedural justice,it is necessary to establish and complete the provisional injunction system.