冷战初期美国对泰国的心理战行动——以PSBD-23心理战计划为核心的考察

Studies on the U.S.Psychological Warfare Operations to Thailand During the Early Cold War——A Historic Inspection of PSB D-23

冷战肇始,杜鲁门政府就积极寻求除战争以外的一切手段来遏制共产主义的扩张和渗透,心理战成为了实现这一目标的主要手段之一。20世纪50年代初期,杜鲁门政府将苏、中视为遏制的主要目标,同时对新中国周边国家展开争夺以构建对社会主义阵营的包围圈,泰国成为美国争夺东南亚的主要目标。为此,杜鲁门政府制定了心理战略和美国对泰国的政策目标,试图通过军事和经济援助、心理干预等手段将泰国纳入以美国为首的反共产主义阵营。艾森豪威尔上台后,继承了杜鲁门政府的心理战略和对泰国的政策目标,并在此基础上制定了针对泰国的PSB D-23心理战计划。通过实施PSB D-23心理战计划,艾森豪威尔政府巩固了泰国的亲美政府,削弱了泰国国内的共产主义影响,构建了以泰国为核心的东南亚集体防御体系,最终将泰国纳入了西方阵营。考察冷战初期美国对泰国的心理战行动,可以管窥美国的心理战略、对泰国的政策目标和实施手段,揭示美国运用心理战实现其政策目标的历史事实,从而推动国际冷战史的研究。

When the Cold War broke out,the Truman Administration sought every means except war to contain the expansion and filtration of Communism,and psychological warfare became the one of the principal strategies to realize this target.In the early 1950s,the Truman Administration considered the USSR and new China as the chief strategic target countries,and tried every means to scramble for the neighboring countries of new China in order to build the siege ring in the Southeast Asia.Thailand,the biggest country in the Southeast Asia became the target country for the USA.For this purpose,the Truman Administration formulated the relevant psychological strategy and policy targets toward Thailand attempting to bring Thailand into the anti-communism camp through military and economic aids as well as psychological warfare operations.When Eisenhower took office in the U.S.,he inherited the Truman Administration＇s psychological strategy and policy targets toward Thailand and formulated the U.S.Psychological Strategy Plan Based on Thailand（PSB D-23）.Through the implementation of this psychological strategy plan,the Eisenhower Administration consolidated the pro-American government of Thailand,weakened the influence of communism and succeeded in bringing Thailand into the collective defense system of the Southeast Asia.Inspecting the U.S.psychological warfare operations toward Thailand can help the readers to see through the U.S.psychological strategy,policy targets toward Thailand and the implementing approaches as well as to disclose the historic fact of U.S.applying psychological warfare to implement its policies,which can further the studies on the cold War.