相转移催化法合成1-(2,3-环氧丙基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑

Synthesis of 1-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole by phase-transfer catalysis

在相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵存在下,奥硝唑与碱性溶液反应,脱去HCl,得到1-(2,3-环氧丙基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑。研究了碱性溶液种类、碱性溶液的浓度、催化剂加入量、反应温度对目标产物收率的影响。结果表明,较佳反应条件为:奥硝唑∶四丁基溴化铵(质量比)=0.6,碱性溶液为5%NaOH水溶液,反应温度15℃,反应时间1 h,在此条件下,目标产物收率83.9%,纯度99.4%。对目标产物进行了IR及1H NMR表征,并对催化反应机理进行了分析。

1-（2,3-Epoxypropyl）-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole（1） was synthesized by dehydrochlorination of ornidazole using tetrabutylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst.The effect of species of alkaline solution,concentration of alkaline solution,the amount of catalyst,and the temperature on the yield of（1） were investigated.The results showed that the optimum condition was as follows：ornidazole∶ tetrabutylammonium bromide（ratio）=0.6,5%NaOH water solution acted as alkaline solution,the reaction temperature was 15 ℃,and the reaction time was 1 h.（1） was synthesized in yield of 83.9% and purity of 99.4%.The desired product were characterized by IR and 1H NMR respectively.The catalytic reaction mechanism was analyzed.