白洋淀流域生态补偿机制初探

Initial Exploration on the Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Baiyangdian Watershed

建立白洋淀流域生态补偿机制是解决该流域环境污染、生态恶化、补水不能持续、淀内农村污染加剧以及生态移民的重要途径之一。运用主体功能区、公共物品、福利经济学、财政转移支付、流域治理等理论,提出白洋淀流域生态补偿机制的补偿主体主要是流域内各级政府和受益者,补偿客体主要是流域内各级政府、生态建设者和受害者,补偿途径主要有政府主导型、市场主导型和博弈协商型,补偿标准有转移支付、流域上下游补偿、农村环保"征补共治"、生态移民以及跨界断面类型。白洋淀流域生态补偿机制实施的保障措施:确立生态补偿法律体系和地位、生态补偿基金要专款专用、实施绩效考核评价指标体系、构建生态补偿社会治理体系和推动流域治理结构改革。

Establishing ecological compensation mechanism is one important way for Baiyangdian Watershed to solve a series of issues whichinclude environment pollution, ecological deterioration, unsustained water supplement, rural pollution aggravation and ecological migration. Based on principles of the main functional area, public goods, welfare economics, financial transfer payment and watershed management, we put forward the construction framework of ecological compensation mechanism in Baiyangdian Watershed. Compensation subjects are govern- ments at all levels and beneficiary within watershed. Compensation objects are governments at all levels within watershed, eco-builder and vic- tim. Compensation way includes government-led and market-oriented and game-negotiation types. Compensation standard includes financial transfer payment, compensation between upstream and downstream of the watershed, rural environmental protection with collection of manage- ment fees and subsidies to co-governance, ecological migration and inter-basin section. The safeguard measures of implementation for Baiyang- dian ecological compensation mechanism are setting legal system and status of the ecological compensation, ensuring earmarking of the ecologi- cal compensation fund, carrying out performance evaluation index system, building social ecological compensation management system and promoting reform of watershed management structure.