山东省流动人口结核病防治知识知晓率调查分析

Analysis of awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention knowledge among the floating population in Shandong province

目的了解山东省流动人口对结核病防治知识认知状况及其影响因素,为开展流动人口健康教育与健康促进工作提供参考依据。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,共抽取447名调查对象,使用统一的调查问卷进行面对面询问式问卷调查。获得有效问卷400份,有效率89.5%(400/447)。采用Epidata 3.1软件双录入,建立数据库,用Excel 2003和SPSS 13.0软件进行整理分析。结果流动人口结核病防治知识核心信息总知晓率为57.1%(1141/2000)。男性核心信息总知晓率(76.9%,684/890)高于女性核心信息总知晓率(41.2%,457/1110),差异有统计学意义(χ2=256.67,P<0.01)。30～岁年龄组核心信息的知晓率最高(69.8%,199/285),40～50岁年龄组次之(64.0%,285/445),18～岁年龄组最低(51.7%,657/1270),差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.60,P<0.01)。在被调查的流动人口中18～岁年龄组人群所占比例最高,为63.5%(254/400)。外来务工时间≥2年人群核心信息知晓率(59.4%,692/1165)高于外来务工时间<2年人群核心信息的知晓率(53.8%,449/835),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.28,P<0.05)。5条核心信息中知晓率最低的信息为"咳嗽、咯痰2周以上,或痰中带血丝,应该怀疑得了肺结核",仅为36.0%(144/400)。67.5%(239/354)的被调查者获得肺结核防治知识来源于电视宣传,46.6%(165/354)来源于听别人讲。结论山东省流动人口对结核病防治知识知晓率水平还比较低,需要关注新生代流动人口和新外来务工人员的结核病防治知识健康教育工作,特别要加强对重要核心信息的传播。

Objective To understand the status of awareness of TB knowledge and its influence factors,and to provide a reference for floating population health education and health promotion. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven floating people were selected through the cluster random sampling method,and they were administered to face-to-face questionnaire survey.Four hundred valid questionnaires were collected eventually,and the effective rate is 89.5%（400/447）.The Epidata 3.1 software was used to set up the database and double entry of the data,Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 were used for data analysis. Results The overall awareness rate to core information in all respondents is 57.1 %（1141/2000）,76.9 %（684/890） in male and 41.2 %（457/1110） in female respectively.This rate is significantly higher in male than in female（χ2=256.67,P0.01）.In terms of age-specific TB awareness rate,highest rate is 69.8 %（199/285） in 30-age group,followed by 64.0%（285/445） in 40-50 age group.The lowest rate is 51.7%（657/1270） in 18-age group.The difference is statistically significant（χ2=42.60,P0.01）.Regarding the proportion of respondents by age,the highest proportion is 18-age group,accounting for 63.5%（254/400）of all the respondents.The awareness rate is 59.4 %（692/1165） in migrant workers who have been worked for ≥2 years in surveyed locations,higher than those worked for 2 years which is 53.8%（449/835）（χ2=6.28,P0.05）.In 5 core information,one specified as ＂cough,expectoration more than 2 weeks,or blood stained sputum,should be suspected of suffering from TB＂ has the lowest awareness rate,36.0%（144/400） only.67.5%（239/354） of respondents acquired TB knowledge by TV,46.6%（165/354） were told by others. Conclusion The awareness rate of TB knowledge in the floating people is still low in Shandong province.We should strengthen TB health education for new generation of floating population and new migrant workers,especially focusing on the dissemination of important core information.