内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原鸟类区系组成及其特征

Study on Features of Avifauna in the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia

2005年和2008-2009年,以样带法和固定半径样点法,对内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原鸟类区系进行了调查。调查期间共记录到鸟类168种,隶属于14目39科。其中,留鸟31种,夏候鸟73种,旅鸟60种,冬候鸟4种。繁殖鸟104种,构成鸟类区系的主体。繁殖鸟中北方型种类有92种,占繁殖鸟总数的88.5%,北方型种类占绝对优势,具有典型的古北界特征。在所记录鸟类中,有国家I级重点保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类21种。调查区域主要由林地、灌丛草地、湿地、农田和居民区5种生境类型组成,调查结果表明:人类活动对鸟类区系组成有较大影响。

In this study, the transect method and fixed-radius sample plot method were used to carry out the detailed surveys on birds in the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia in 2005 and during the period of 2008 -2009. During the investigations, 168 bird species in 14 orders and 39 families were recorded. Among them 31 species were residents, 73 species summer visitors, 60 species migrants and 4 species winter visitors. There were 104 species of breeding birds, and they had significant advantages and constituted the main body of avifauna. There were 92 middleand northern-boundary breeding bird species, accounting for 88.5% of the total, and the northern-boundary species was absolutely dominant. The elements of Palaearctic realm played the important roles in the avifauna. Among the birds, 5 species were listed as national first-grade protected wildlife in China, and 21 species as the second-grade ones. There were 5 kinds of habitats in the study area, i.e. the forestlands, thicket grasslands, wetlands, farmlands and residential areas. Survey results revealed that human activities affected significantly the birds avifauna.