甘蔗新品种粤糖03-393(粤糖60号)的选育与种性分析

Study on Breeding and Characteristics Analysis of New Sugarcane Variety Yuetang 03-393(Yuetang No.60)

粤糖03-393是广州甘蔗糖业研究所以粤糖92-1287为母本,粤糖93-159为父本杂交选育而成的甘蔗新品种。多年多点试验结果表明,粤糖03-393蔗茎产量、含糖量分别为105.726和17.147 t/hm2,比ROC22增产12.7%、增糖21.6%;11月至翌年1月甘蔗平均蔗糖分为16.23%,比ROC22提高1.21个百分点;粤糖03-393蔗茎产量、含糖量和甘蔗蔗糖分均比ROC22稳定,高糖,稳产性能比ROC22好,两品种受环境因素效应影响较小,适应性较广。有效茎数和茎长是影响蔗茎产量的主要因素和重要因素,对蔗茎产量贡献最大,高产栽培上应着重增加有效茎数和提高植株高度。公顷产蔗量在90～120 t之间的较合理群体结构为:有效茎数在5.30～6.30万条/hm2,茎长在260～300 cm,茎径在2.85～3.00 cm。公顷产蔗量在105～135 t之间的较合理群体结构为:有效茎数在5.70～6.75万条/hm2,茎长在270～315 cm,茎径在2.85～3.12 cm。

Yuetang 03-393（Yuetang No.60） was selected from the crossing between Yuetang 92-1287 and Yuetang 93-159 by Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute.The results of plant tests conducted at different sites for several years showed that Yuetang 03-393 mean cane yield was 105.726 t/hm2,sugar yield was 17.147 t/hm2,sucrose content was 16.23 % from November to January,being 12.7 %,21.6 % and 1.21 percent,higher than those of the check variety ROC22,respectively.Cane yield,sugar yield and sucrose content of Yuetang 03-393 were all more stable than ROC22,and both of them were not easily affected by the environment.Stalk number and stalk length were all the most important factors of cane yield,and their effects were the strongest to cane yield.In cultivation,we should place emphasis on increasing millable stalk and stalk length.Structural analysis of yield and its component factors showed that the optimum population structure of 90-120 t/hm2 should have the millable stalk between 5.30 and 6.30 ten-thousand branches/hm2,stalk length between 260 and 300 cm and stalk diameter between 2.85 and 3.00 cm,while the optimum population structure of 105-135 t/hm2 should have the millable stalk between 5.70 and 6.75 ten-thousand branches/hm2,stalk length between 270 and 315 cm,stalk diameter between 2.85 and 3.12 cm.