不同调控措施对设施蔬菜土壤理化性质的影响

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONTROL MEASURES ON SOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES UNDER GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION

高水高肥和集约化（常年连作）的设施蔬菜生产,必然会引起土壤的理化性状发生显著变化.笔者以栽培黄瓜的日光温室土壤为研究对象,在农民习惯施肥的基础上,研究秸秆还田、填闲作物和滴灌三种不同的调控措施对土壤容重、孔隙度和团聚体结构的影响以及土壤碳、氮变化.结果表明,秸秆还田和滴灌均有利于降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,改善耕层的通透性；填闲作物对降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度效果不明显.秸秆还田可以显著提高水稳性团聚体含量,尤其是0.5-0.25 mm较小的水稳性团聚体；滴灌也有利于提高水稳性团聚体含量,增加平均重量直径MWD值,降低团聚体破坏率.与农民习惯施肥处理相比,秸秆还田可以显著降低表层土壤NO3 - -N含量,增加有机质含量,提高土壤C/N比；填闲作物可显著降低表层土壤NO3 - -N含量；滴灌可降低NO3 - -N向深层土壤淋溶的风险.综上所述,秸秆还田在改善设施土壤理化性状,提高土壤质量方面效果最好.

Because of high water and high fertility and intensive production inevitably changed the soil physical and chemical properties annual cropping, vegetable protected significantly. This paper choose the greenhouse soil of cucumber cultivated as the research object based on farmers＇ practical fertilization to study the effect of three different control measures, straw returning , catch crops and drip irrigation on soil bulk density, soil porosity and aggregate structure and the diversifications of carbon and nitrogen in the soil. The results showed that the straw returning and drip irrigation could reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity and improve the permeability of topsoil significantly. The straw returning could greatly improve the content of water - stable rate of aggregate. Compared with farmers＇ practical fertilization, straw returning could dramatically reduce the content of NO3 - - N in surface soil, increase organic matter content and improve the soil C/N ratio, catch crops could also dramatically reduce the content of NO3- - N in surface soil, drip irrigation could reduce the risk of NO3 - -N in surface soil leaching to deeper soil. In conclusion, the straw returning is the best control measure to improve soil quality.