重庆市大众肺结核相关知识知晓现状分析

Awareness Status of Relevant Knowledge on Pulmonary Tuberculosis of Residents in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市居民结核病防治知识知晓现状及防治知识获取途径情况,为今后有效开展结核病防治及健康教育提供科学的依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对全国第五次肺结核病流行病学抽样调查的重庆市4个抽样点人群(九龙坡区、南岸区、开县、璧山县)进行问卷调查,调查大众关于肺结核病防治相关知识的知晓率。结果调查对象对结核病防治的核心信息总的知晓率为64.71%,对结核病知识的认知不够全面。对于肺结核的传染途径、专门防治机构、主要症状、免费诊断及治疗政策的知晓水平较低,分别为54.66%、54.40%、60.24%和63.45%,其知识主要来源途径为听亲友及其他人说的、广播/电视/电影/网络/音像材料、张贴画/宣传栏/板报/展板/墙体标语。结论相对于全国结核病防治规划(2001—2010年)规定的全民结核病知识知晓率到2010年达到80%,重庆市大众结核病防治知晓水平亟待提高,应针对其薄弱环节,加强宣传教育和健康促进工作。

Objective To understand the awareness status of tuberculosis（TB） prevention and treatment knowledge among residents in Chongqing and the approaches through which they acquired the related knowledge,in order to provide a scientific basis for effectively carrying out the health education of TB prevention and treatment in the future. Methods By a stratified sampling method,questionnaire survey was conducted among the sample people from four districts（Jiulongpo district,Nanan distract,Kaixian county,Bishan county）,where the fifth national tuberculosis epidemiology sample survey had been carried out,investigating the awareness status of tuberculosis prevention and treatment knowledge. Results The total awareness rate about core information of TB prevention and treatment among the residents was 64.71%,and the residents′ knowledge about the disease itself was also not comprehensive enough.The awareness rates of the transmission approach,special control organization,main symptoms,as well as the free diagnosis and treatment policies of TB were 54.66%,54.40%,60.24% and 63.45%,respectively,being much lower.The main sources of their knowledge were listening to others,radio/TV/movie/network/audio-video materials,and publicity column/boards/sheets/wall slogans. Conclusion Compare with the awareness rate of 80% of TB-related knowledge,the goal set by the National Tuberculosis Control Program（2001-2010）,the awareness level of residents′ TB prevention and treatment knowledge in Chongqing is much lower and should be urgently improved.Therefore,it is necessary to further strengthen public education and health promotion according to their weak points.