不同监护类型留守儿童与一般儿童心理健康状况的比较研究

Comparison of Mental Health Status between Left-behind Children under Different Guardianships and Non-left-behind Children

目的比较不同监护类型留守儿童与一般儿童心理健康状况的差异,评估留守儿童的心理健康水平,为其干预研究提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法抽取宁夏某县2所中学12～16岁学生共440人。其中留守儿童205名,非留守儿童235名。采用心理健康诊断测验和留守儿童一般资料问卷进行调查。结果 (1)单亲监护、隔代监护、上代监护的留守儿童及一般儿童(即非留守儿童)的心理健康状况进行比较,四种监护类型儿童在"学习焦虑"、"对人焦虑"、"孤独倾向"、"身体症状"四个因子上的得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)祖辈监护留守儿童在"学习焦虑"、"对人焦虑"、"孤独倾向"、"身体症状"因子上得分高于一般儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);上代监护留守儿童在"身体症状"因子上得分高于一般儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);单亲监护留守儿童在"学习焦虑"、"对人焦虑"、"孤独倾向"、"身体症状"因子上得分高于一般儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论父母外出打工对留守儿童心理健康的负面影响是真实存在的,亲情缺失或替代父母(即监护人)对儿童的心理关怀能否补偿或代替父母是留守儿童心理问题产生的原因。监护人应加强对留守儿童日常行为管理和生活照顾,学会和留守儿童进行互动和有效沟通,扮演好留守儿童父母缺位时的"替补"者角色,给予留守儿童更多的关怀和支持,促进留守儿童心理健康成长。

Objective To compare the mental health status between left-behind children under different guardianships and non-left-behind children,so as to provide evidence for psychological interventions among left-behind children. Methods Altogether 440 children（205 left-behind children and 235 non-left-behind children） aged 12～16 years were selected from two junior middle schools in Ningxia using stratified random sampling All of them were assessed with mental health diagnostic test（MHT）and General Information Questionnaire for Left-behind Children. Results The scores for learning anxiety,interpersonal anxiety,lonely tendency,and physical symptoms were significantly different among the children under different guardianships-single parent,grand-parents,other relatives,and both parents（P0.01）.Children left behind with grandparents had significantly higher scores for learning anxiety,interpersonal anxiety,lonely tendency and physical symptoms than non-left-behind children.（P0.01）.Children left behind with other relatives obtained significantly higher scores for physical symptoms than non-left-behind children（P0.01）.Children left behind with single parents obtained significantly higher scores for learning anxiety,interpersonal anxiety,lonely tendency,physical symptoms than non-left-behind children（P0.01）. Conclusion Parents seeking jobs in other cities/provinces results in the absence of parental love during childhood,which in turn negatively affects the mental health of the left-behind children.The guardians,who are supposed to act the role of parents when the biological parents are absent,should provide more supports on both the physical and mental health of the left-behind children.