口腔运动干预在早产儿经口喂养中的应用

Effects of oral motor interventions on feeding milestones for preterm infants

早产儿由于口腔运动功能发育不全以及吸吮-吞咽-呼吸协调功能的缺失,常发生经口喂养困难。早产儿在维持生理稳定性和正常体重增长后达到完全经口喂养是重要出院标准。口腔运动干预是指采取口腔按摩、口腔支持、非营养性吸吮等方法,对唇、颌、舌、软腭、咽、喉等与吸吮-吞咽-呼吸相关组织或肌肉群进行感官刺激,改善口咽机制的生理基础及功能。口腔运动干预是在国外新生儿重症监护病房中引起普遍兴趣的喂养支持策略,能有效促进早产儿吸吮-吞咽-呼吸功能的成熟,改善早产儿营养期的喂养表现,帮助早产儿更早地达到完全经口喂养。

Advances in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU） have dramatically improved the survival of infants born preterm; however, many present with oral feeding difficulties. These difficulties are of concern to health professionals because they often impede the transition to independent oral feeding and thus delay hospital discharge, negatively affect mother - infant interactions, and potentially lead to childhood feeding disorders. Such consequences point to the need for efficacious early interventions to enhance preterm infants＇ oral feeding performance. Oral Motor Intervention （OMI） has been a topic of interest for some time with speech-language pathologists working in NICU settings. OMI was defined as sensory stimulation to or actions of the lips, jaw, tongue, soft palate, pharynx, larynx, and respiratory muscles that are intended to influence the physiological underpinnings of the oropharyngeal mechanism in order to improve its function.