美、澳两国移民政策的发展与演变

Development and Evolution of Immigration Policies in Australia and the United States

美、澳两国都是“移民之国”。从殖民地时期起 ,两国即形成不同的移民传统 :美国鼓励自由移民 ,澳大利亚则反对大规模移民。 19世纪末 ,排外主义和种族主义导致两国政府采取排斥和限制移民的政策 ,其实质是为维护白欧洲人的利益。二战后 ,两国本着充实和发展多元化社会的原则 。

Australia and the United States are nations of immigrants,drawing the great majority of their settlers from overseas over the past two or three centuries. In colonial periods, they adopted different attitudes toward immigrants: the US encouraged free immigration, while Australia opposed massive immigration. Late in the nineteenth century, racism and exclusivism led both nations to exclusive and restrictive immigration policies, which were in essence for the interests of white Europeans. Since the end of World War II, the two nations have shifted their immigration policies toward restricting and selecting immigrants in order to enrich and develop the more and more multicultural society.