自然主义:现实主义到现代主义的中介

Naturalism:Medium from Realism to Modernism

本文首先论述了自然主义文学理论产生的原由及自然主义理论比之以往文学的创新之处。其次 ,阐明自然主义文学以实证的手法、客观的态度 ,从生物学的角度写人的兽性 ,打破了以往的写作“禁区”,把不登大雅之堂的东西展现给读者 ,为现代主义作家描写“异化”现象作了铺垫。再次 ,自然主义客观真实的环境描写 ,表现了囿于各种环境中人的生物状态 ,及与浪漫主义、现实主义的环境描写实质上的不同 。

This article first discusses the reasons why literary theory of naturalism came into being and its new ideas in comparison to that of the other earlier schools of literature. Second, from the biological perspective Naturalistic literature describes the brutish nature of human beings by means of positivism and objective attitude, and breaks through the past writing restricted zone' presenting so called less cultured stuff to readers, which foreshadows alienation phenomena depicted by modernists. Thirdly, objective and realistic descriptions of surroundings in naturalistic literature embody men's biological state handicapped under various surroundings and different nature in comparison to Romantic and Realistic environmental description, and its influence on Modernism.