论“人”的含义与价值——《马桥词典》和《被侮辱和被损害的人》的比较

Significance and Value of "Man":A Comparison of Maqiao's Dictionary and The Insulted and Humiliated

韩少功的《马桥词典》以词典体的文本形式出现,背后隐藏着他对人性、人格的高度关注。陀思妥耶夫斯基的《被侮辱和被损害的人》则从叙事者的角度出发,表达对"小人物"命运的深切关注。两部小说有着相同的主题,大致可以归纳为三个方面:描写丧失话语权的小人物,表现他们的悲苦命运;探索"人"的价值,表现他们在生存重压下人格的裂变;描写女性命运,揭示造成她们悲剧的根源。在小说创作上,二者也有着相同的表现手法,都运用了复调的结构,通过"我"和他人的叙述交叉推动情节的发展。

Maqiao＇s Dictionary, a dictionary-style novel by the Chinese novelist Han Shaogong, reflects Han＇s great concern about humanity and human nature. The Insulted and Humiliated by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, on the other hand, shows the novelist＇s concern about the fate of a nonentity from the per- spedtive of the narrator. Both novels have a similar theme, which can be embodied from the following three folds. Both are themed in the revelation of the tragic fate of nonentities who have been deprived of the right of discourse; both focus on the significance of Man, especially on the change of humanity under the heavy pressure of survival; both pay special attention to the tragic fate of women and the sources of their tragedy. Besides, both of them adopt a similar polyphonic narration where the narrator shifts between the first person ＂I＂ and the third person omniscient.