国外心理健康服务从业人员理论取向发展趋势

The Development Trend of Theoretical Orientations about Foreign Mental Health Practitioner

心理健康服务从业人员在助人过程中往往会遵循一定的理论取向来指导其实践服务。在一个多世纪中,虽然弗洛伊德创立的精神分析体系仍然深刻地影响着在阿根廷、瑞典、西班牙和日本的心理健康服务从业人员。但是在美国,它的影响力却在不断削弱。相反,学习论、认知论、认知/行为说、折衷/整合论等因适应社会需要而日显其重要性。心理健康服务理论取向经历了一个从单一——多元——整合的过程。

Mental health practitioners are usually according to some theoretical orientations to practice during the time ot providing services. During the past century, psychoanalytic constructed by Freud had deeply effected on mental health practitioners in Argentina, Sweden, Spain and Japan. However, it had gradually weakening in United States. On the con- trary, other theories, such as learning theory, cognitive, cognitive/behavioral, eclectic/integrative which met the society needs have become more and more important. The mental health service theories had undergone the development from the simple to multiple, then integrative.