百越古道:一个历史的考察

Baiyue Ancient Road:A Historic Investigation

"百越古道"是连接中国西南至南亚"茶马古道",是通往中国东南出海口和东南亚的古老通道。这条古道不仅是经贸之路,也是民族迁徙和交流往来之路。历史上,中国南方民族通过这一古道向东南亚扩散。我国南方与东南亚有20多个民族是"同根生的民族",还有很多民族是"跨境民族",这一民族关系格局的形成与这一古道密切相关。百越古道源远流长,先秦时期,西南、华南与东南亚和大洋洲交往频繁,为古道的形成奠定了基础。秦汉时期,百越古道初成格局。三国至唐宋,是百越古道大发展和鼎盛的时期。元至民国时期,百越古道继续发展与变革。解放后,百越古道获得了新生和繁荣。百越古道为中国—东盟自由贸易区建设,为中国走向东南亚、走向世界,发挥了重要作用。文章通过追溯历史,考察百越古道在上述各个历史时期的发展面貌。

＂Baiyue Ancient Road＇,which led to the way out of southwest China and Southeast Asia,was＂Tea--and--Horse Ancient Road＂connecting southwest China and Southeast Asia. Since ancient people of Baiyue lived there,Baiyue is preserved as a name of that place,although＂Nanyue State＂was destroyed by the emperors of the Han Dynasty and Baiyue（Guangdong）as a clan name disappeared gradually from historic books. According to the Dictionary of Chinese Ancient and Modern Place Names,Baiyue was Tianbao Guangxi（today Debao County）. There still is Baiyueo site in Dehao. It thus is named＂Baisyue Ancient Road＇,which was way for business and trade,ethnic migration, and exchanges. Historically through this path ethnic groups in South China migrated to Southeast Asia. Nowadays more than 20 ethnic groups in southern China and Southeast Asia have the same root,and there are also many＂cross--border ethnics＂. That such a situation of ethnic relation has a close connection with this path. After tracing back to the history,this paper finds that Baiyue Ancient Road has a long history. During the pre-- Qin periods, communication between southwestern China, northern China,Southeast Asia,and Oceania were frequent. Such communications laid the foundation for the formation of the road , during the Qin--Han period,Baiyue Ancient Road took the first shape,from Three Kingdoms to the Tang--Song period,it developed rapidly and went into its greatly prosperous period,from the Yuan Dynasty to the Republic of China,it continued to develop and reform; After the liberation,Baiyue Ancient Road got a new life and a prosperous development,which functions greatly for building China--ASEAN east Asia and to the world. Free Trade Area,and for China going to South east Asia and to the world.