大兴安岭北部春季兴安落叶松林鸟类群落的垂直结构

Vertical Structure of Bird Communities in Spring in Daurian Larch(Larix gmelini) Forest in The Northern Greater Khingan Mountains

2011年4月24～5月15日,在黑龙江省岭峰自然保护区对春季兴安落叶松林鸟类群垂直结构进行了研究,共观察到鸟类36种,分属6目17科,非雀形目鸟类6科13种,雀形目鸟类11科23种。雀形目鸟类的种类最多,占总数的63.89%,这和我国北方地区鸟类组成相一致。研究结果显示大兴安岭春季兴安落叶松林中,鸟类垂直分层现象较为明显,林冠层和地面(或水面)鸟类多样性较高,而乔木层和灌木层鸟类丰富度较高;草本层鸟类较少。分析显示造成这种结果的原因不仅与鸟类的食物资源分布有关,而且与鸟类的求偶、领域以及防御行为具有密切关系。本研究结果为鸟类保护和森林管理提供了依据。

From April 24^（th） to May 15^（th） 2011,we studied vertical structure of bird communities in the Daurian Larch（Larix gmelini） forest during spring in the Greater Khingan Mountain Range Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province.We recorded 36 species of birds of 6 orders and 17 families.Of the 36 species,13 species of 6 families are non - passerine birds,and 23 species of 11 families are passerine birds.Passerine species were most numerous,accounting for 64%,which is consistent with the bird composition in northern China.The vertical stratification of the bird assemblage was obvious,with bird diversity higher in the canopy and on the ground（or water）.Bird abundance was greatest in the tree and shrub layers.Birds were less numerous in the herbaceous layer.We attribute this result to the distribution of food resources,and to the courtship,territoriality, and defensive behavior of birds.The results of this study provide a basis for the protection of birds and forest management.