昆明翠湖越冬红嘴鸥数量变化及投食量调查分析

Surveys on Population Dynamics and Feeding of Wintering Black - Headed Gulls(Larus ridibundus) in Kunming Cuihu Park

昆明翠湖公园是红嘴鸥进城越冬数量最集中的地方,其数量分布在昆明水域内具有一定的代表性,翠湖公园是红嘴鸥的主要投食点,每年冬季,有大量市民和游客前来观鸥、喂鸥、护鸥。每年11月至次年3月翠湖公园的红嘴鸥数量存在规律性的变化,游客每天投放多少饲料量,要结合红嘴鸥的日食量和数量,受节假日的影响,游客数量变动大,投食量依赖于游客数量,经常出现喂鸥过量或不足的情况,翠湖水体补给有限,过量投食会带来富营养化污染,投食不足则不利于红嘴鸥的保护。通过对2009年11月至2010年3月期间昆明翠湖越冬红嘴鸥的数量进行分期统计,得出2010年翠湖越冬红嘴鸥前、中、后期的数量变化,参照红嘴鸥的能量代谢标准,分析计算昆明翠湖红嘴鸥饲料的合理投放量,为科学喂鸥提供依据,便于红嘴鸥和翠湖水体的保护。

The Cuihu Park in Kunming City supports high concentrations of wintering black - headed gulls（Larus ridibundus）. The black - headed gulls in Cuihu Park represent the population in all waters of the Kunming city region.Cuihu Park is the main feeding site for the black - headed gulls and a large number of people and tourists come here to sightsee,feed,and protect the black - headed gulls every winter.The number of black - headed gulls changes from November to March,so supplementary feeding should depend on daily bird numbers and daily food intake by the gulls.Numbers of visitors changes according to the schedule of holidays and the amount of visitor - provided food depends on the number of visitors.This combination of influences often results in either excessive or insufficient feeding.Since the water supply to Cuihu Park is limited,excessive feeding leads to eutrophication while insufficient feeding is not conducive to protection of black - headed gulls.Analyses on the numbers of the wintering black - headed gulls in Cuihu Park during November 2009 to March 2010 revealed a dynamic population size.Based on energy metabolism estimates for black - headed gulls,we calculated appropriate amounts of feed.These calculations will provide scientific guidelines for feeding and will further protect both the black - headed gulls and the water body of Cuihu Park.