滇西边境地区涉案野生动物资源调查研究

Study of Crime Related to Protected Wildlife in Border Areas of Western Yunnan

云南省西部的怒江州、保山市和德宏州1 121 km的边境地区,是重要的国际大通道"史迪威公路"的入境点,也是非法贸易野生动物及其制品的主要入境点之一,更是打击走私、非法收购、运输、出售野生动物及其制品的主战场之一。调查研究了该边境地区2005～2011年期间的涉案野生动物资源情况(不包含保密案件),共统计168起案例,涉及64个物种、累计野生动物资源犯罪案例382次。研究表明:(1)高消费的市场需求,刺激着破坏野生动物资源的犯罪活动;(2)营集群生活、逃跑缓慢的动物更容易受到大量的猎捕;(3)国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物的涉案频率高于其他物种。(4)滇西边境地区涉野生动物资源犯罪正向高利润、集团化、网络化发展,且具有隐蔽性、反侦查的梯队"接力"等规律特点。进而,提出了加强专业技术培训,增强森警战斗力,多警种联合作战,争取境外警方协作等保护对策。

Our study area covered the Yunan border area,extending more than 1 100 km in Nujiang,Baoshan,and Dehong Prefectures.This area is the entry point of ＂ Stilwell Road＂ which is an important international passageway and one location where wildlife and wildlife products were traded illegally.This border area has become one of the main locations where law - enforcement departments combat smuggling,illegal purchase,and and illegal transportation and sale of wildlife and their products. We analyzed 168 cases related to wildlife crime（excluding confidential cases） that involved 64 species of wildlife and 382 incidents of criminal cases involving wildlife from 2005 to 2011.We conclude that：（1） the demand in high - value food markets stimulated the criminal activities that destroy wildlife resources;（2） wildlife species that live in herds and escape slowly, are most vulnerable to hunting;（3） the frequency of crimes involving second level national protected wildlife is higher than that for other species;（4） crimes involving wildlife resources generate huge profits,are carried out by organized crime networks, and criminals have established hierarchies for ＂relay＂ of contraband,and the participants are secretive and skilled at avoiding detection.To effectively protect wildlife resources,we offer recommendations as follows：strengthen professional and technical training;enhance the crime - fighting authority of forestry police;carry out joint operations involving many different agencies of the law enforcement sector to strengthen operational capacity;and collaborate with law enforcement agencies across the border.