东北豹保护对策研究

Study on Protection Countermeasures of Amur Leopard(Panthera pardus orientalis)

通过概述世界上东北豹的种群数量特征和分布状况,分析了东北豹保护面临的各种威胁和问题,如人类过度干扰、乱砍滥伐、乱捕滥猎、近亲繁殖以及人类的开发建设等活动对栖息地造成的严重破坏,使栖息地呈片段化、破碎化发展趋势,直接威胁东北豹种群的生存和繁衍。中国对东北豹的保护没有足够的重视,还没有建立专门的东北豹自然保护区,而俄罗斯对于东北豹的保护非常重视,不但建立了专门的东北豹自然保护区,还完善了东北豹的各项保护措施。最后,针对上述情况,提出了东北豹栖息地保护、猎物种群恢复、东北豹的重引入、建立东北豹跨界保护区等相应的保护对策。

This paper summarizes quantitative population characteristics and geographic global distribution of Amur leopard （Panthera pardus orientalis）.A variety of threats and problems of Amur leopard protection were analyzed.These included human disturbance,deforestation,poaching,inbreeding,and habitat destruction and fragmentation caused by urbanization.All factors directly threaten the survival and reproduction of Amur leopard.We summarize the protection status of Amur leopard in China and Russia.In China,little attention is paid to protect Amur leopard and there is no a special nature reserve to protect Amur leopard.Russia attaches great importance to protection of the Amur leopard.There are special nature reserves to protect Amur leopard and improved measures for Amur leopard protection.We recommend protection countermeasures by improving habitats,recovering prey populations,reintroducing Amur Leopard,and establishing a transboundary reserve.