眼外伤住院患者的疾病特点

The disease characteristics of inpatients with ocular trauma

目的探讨眼外伤住院患者疾病构成特点，为眼外伤的防治研究提供新的流行病学资料。方法选择2005年1月至2009年12月在眼科住院的眼外伤患者1441眼进行统计学分析。结果男：女=4．89：1，高峰年龄25—48岁。职业以体力劳动者为主。眼外伤住院患者以眼钝挫伤和穿孔伤为主，分别占住院部跟外伤的44．90％和39．47％。5年间各相邻年度间眼外伤疾病构成比无明显差异（0．25〈P〈0．5，n=0．05）。眼球穿孔伤的致盲率较高，与其他各组间比较差异有统计学意义。未成年组眼球穿孔伤治疗后低视力和盲的眼数与成年组比较差异有统计学意义。（x^2=7．998，P=0．005）。结论从眼外伤的致伤人群及性质的分析中可知眼外伤都是可以预防的，以及受伤后及时救治，可减少眼外伤致盲率。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of proportion in inpatients with ocular trauma, and to provide new information on the epidemiology for the study of prevention and treatment of ocular trauma. Methods 1441 eyes of inpatients with ocular trauma from January 2005 to December 2009 were analyzed statistically. Results The ratio of male to female is 4. 89 to 1, the high incidence is in the group of 25- 48 years old, and physical laborers as the main part. The patients with blunt ocular trauma and pene- trating injuries, respectively accounted for 44.90% and 39.47% in ocular trauma in the inpatient. There was no obvious change in proportion of inpatients with ocular trauma diseases between the two adjacent years during the five years. （ 0.25 〈P 〈0. 5, tx =0, 05 ）. The rate of blindness caused by perforating injury of eyeball was high, and compared with the other groups had a significant meaning in statistics. The difference between the minor group and adult group in perforating wounds of eye in the prognosis of low vision and blindness has a statistical meaning. （X2 = 7. 998,P = 0. 005）. Conclusion According to the analysis of the patients with eye injury and the nature of it, we can know that the eye injuries are preventable and the timely treatment can reduce the rate of blindness.