国外政府与非营利组织合作的新形式——基于英国、加拿大、澳大利亚三国实践创新的分析与展望

A New Form of Cooperation Between Governments and Non-profit Organizations Abroad

1998年,英国中央政府和全英慈善与社区中心签署了"政府与志愿及社区组织关系协定",迅速在英联邦的其他国家产生了示范效应。2001年,加拿大中央政府与非营利部门签署"加拿大政府与志愿部门协议",2010年,澳大利亚中央政府与非营利部门签署"全国性协议——携手合作"。三国的协议是政府与非营利组织合作的新形式,均属于国家性政策,对各该国范围内政府与非营利组织合作具有指导意义。但是,三国合作协议均不属于立法范畴,不具备法律效力,而是政府与非营利组织之间合作的备忘录,协议的效力来自政府对非营利组织的资助以及两者之间的协商。三国政府与非营利组织合作的新形式,给我国带来了如下深刻启示,即适应政府与非营利组织合作加强的趋势、拓展政府与非营利组织的合作平台、推进政府与非营利组织合作的制度化建设、建设政府与非营利组织之间合作的信任文化。

In 1998, the Compact on the Relationship between Government and Organization of Volunteers and Communities was signed between central government and charitable organizations in Great Britain, which played an exemplary role in all other nations of the Commonwealth. In 2001, Canadian government and NPOs signed the Accord between the Government and NPOs, and later the Nation-wide Compact--Working Together was signed by Australian government and NPOs in 2010. The three agreements, as new forms of cooperation between governments and NPOs, belong to national policies and provide an international guidance for the cooperation between government and NPOs. However, the agreements are not within legislation and have no legal force. Their force comes from the governmental financial support and consultation between both sides. The new form of cooperation between governments and NPOs abroad has profoundly enlightenment for China. Following the tendency, broadening the platform, promoting the insti- tutionalization and cultivate the trust seem to be the probable forms for cooperation between the government and NPOs in China.