研究生教育:从美法德经验论我国的问题与出路

Postgraduate Education:Problems and Strategies Based on the Analysis of Experiences of America, France and Germany

美国、法国与德国的研究生教育历史悠久,很多办学经验是值得借鉴的,秉承培养科研人才的办学宗旨使得这些国家的研究生具有较高的含金量。我国目前的教育状况已经在一定程度上脱离了这个宗旨,部分学生的硕士或博士学位获得目的并不是为了从事科研事业,并且学位论文的质量也非常令人堪忧。研究生教育中存在诸多问题:学位变成敲门砖;教育中存在马太效应;教育过程严进宽出;教育模式一成不变;课程设置与社会需求不对称;科研精神不断弱化。为了改变这种现状,就需要不断完善研究生的教育制度,在净化科研队伍的过程中保证研究生的质量,使得传统的科研精神得以传承。

The long history of postgraduate’s education in America,France and Germany performs well in training qualified graduate capable of scientific research.The paper tries to reveal the embarrassing issues of Chinese current postgraduate education that has deviated from this cultivating tenet,with students＇ incorrect purpose of graduate and PHD program study,as well as the low quality dissertations.Major problems exist,such as degrees taken for stepping-stones,Matthew effects in education,strict admission and easy graduation,rigid teaching approaches,curriculum design out of tune with social demand,and weakening academic ethics.To reverse this situation,specific steps must be taken to streamline the graduate education system,enhance a clean faculty of academic research to guarantee the postgraduates quality,and advocate the traditional demeanor in scientific research.