福利院及社区残障青少年青春期发育与功能障碍的调查

Investigation on Pubertal Development and Disability in Adolescents with Disabilities in Welfare Institutions or Communities

目的初步了解福利院及社区残障青少年的健康与发展状况,为更好地开展残障青少年服务提供借鉴。方法 2010年7-8月,采用基本信息表、世界卫生组织残障评定量表及青春期发育量表,调查山东省及西藏自治区各1所儿童福利院内的37名孤残青少年;2011年7-8月,同法调查了某省会城市4个街道办事处所辖社区内的6名残障青少年。结果社区残障青少年残障评定总分及各维度得分均高于福利院孤残青少年,两者的各题项平均分分别为(3.55±0.60)分及(2.27±0.29)分,功能障碍处于轻中度及以上;两地福利院孤残青少年仅在在院时间分布上存在统计学差异(χ2=14.164,P=0.003);除"四处走动"维度外(t=-1.392,P=0.173),两地福利院孤残青少年在其他维度及总分上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论残障青少年在生活各方面均存在困难,且社区残障青少年的功能障碍相对较重,亟需加强对残障青少年及其家庭的关注与支持,并大力推广社区康复模式,促进残障青少年的功能康复和社会融入。

Objective To study the health status and development of adolescents with disabilities in wel- fare institutions and communities, so as to provide reference for better services for adolescents with disabilities. Methods From July to August 2010,37 adolescents with disabilities in welfare institutions in Shandong Province and Tibet Autonomous Region were investigated using questionnaires including basic information,WHODAS II and PDS; 6 adolescents with disabilities in communities attached to 4 neighbor- hood offices in one capital city were investigated from July to August in 2011 by the same method. Results The total score of WHODAS Ⅱ and each domain score of adolescents with disabilities in communities were higher than those of adolescents in welfare institutions. The average item score of WHODAS II was 3.55±0.60 in community adolescents and 2.27±0.29 in welfare institution adolescents and the level of disability was mild or even more severe. There＇s a significant difference between the living time of adolescents with disabilities in those two welfare institutions（χ^2= 14. 164,P=0. 003）. Except the domain of ＂getting around＂ （t= -1. 392,P=0. 173）, the scores in other domains were significantly different between adolescents in those two welfare institutions（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion There＇s some difficulties in the lives of adolescents with disabilities and the community adolescents had more severe disabilities. More attention and support should be given to these adolescents and their families, and the community based rehabilitation should be extended to facilitate the rehabilitation and social inclusion of adolescents with disabilities.