司法审判中域名纠纷案件的恶意认定研究

Research on Bad Faith in Judicial Trial of Dispute of Domain Names

恶意作为域名纠纷案件中域名注册、使用行为构成侵权或不正当竞争的要件之一,其如何认定在司法实践中存在着共识与分歧。已形成的共识有两点:一为将对驰名商标的特殊保护全面延伸至网络空间,恶意要件在驰名商标领域事实上被架空;二为如果域名注册、使用人存在向涉案商业标识权利人牟利的意图,则法院倾向于直接认定恶意成立。尚存在的分歧有两点:一为对域名注册、使用人对涉案商业标识的"不知"是否能构成恶意成立的有效抗辩;二为恶意是法院根据域名注册、使用人的具体行为来探求其主观意图得出,还是法院根据客观的损害结果直接推定。

Bad faith is one of the essentials constituting infringement or unfair competition in the registration of domain names,but there are some agreement and divergence as to how to cognize it in judicial practice.The common understanding includes two points： the first one is to extend the special protection of the famous brand names to the cyber space,then essential of bad faith in the famous brand name field will become meaningless;the second one is that if the user of the domain name registration has intention to seek profits from the obligee of commercial marks,the court tends to determine the bad faith directly.As to the divergence,the first one is that if the user of domain name registration is unaware of the commercial marks involved,this ignorance would constitute the effective defense against bad faith;the second one is whether the court bases its judicial decision of bad faith on the domain name registration,and user＇s action and subjective intent,or the court makes the direct presumption based on the damages done.