汉藏英反义词比较研究

Comparative Study Among Chinese,Tibetan and English Antonyms

反义词是一种普遍的语言现象,不同语言表示反义关系有不同的表现形式。通过对汉语、藏语和英语3种语言的反义词进行比较研究,汉藏语与英语反义词在词形和构词上呈现出较大差异。汉语和藏语以词根反义词为主,而英语兼有词根反义词和派生反义词。汉语和藏语语素的单音节性使汉藏语的反义词体现出比较工整的对应关系;英语则具有极强的派生构词功能,大多数反义词之间有明显的形态关联。

Antonym is a universal linguistic phenomenon. Different languages have different ways of showing antonyms. By comparing Chinese, Tibetan and English antonyms, obvious difference in found in their morphology and word-formation. Chinese and Tibetan antonyms are mainly etyma antonyms, while English antonyms include both etyma antonyms and de- rived antonyms as well. Due to the monosyllabic character of their morphemes, Chinese and Tibetan antonyms show well structured parallelism. Obviously, English antonyms are morphologically related, for English has strong derivational word- forming function.