植物群落对铁矿开采的生态响应——以大茨背铁矿为例

The Ecological Responses of Plant Community to Iron Mine Exploitation——Taking Dacibei Iron Mine as an Example

采用样方法进行调查,应用丰富度指数R、Shannon-Weiner指数H′、Simpson指数λ和均匀度指数E1研究了植物群落对铁矿开采的生态响应,探讨了不同干扰强度下植物群落生物多样性变化。结果表明:依据《中国植被》的分类原则和系统,结合野外调查的实际情况,将调查的32个样方划分为7个群落类型,代表了铁矿开采不同功能区植物群落的主要类型。根据H′值将不同功能区的物种多样性排列如下:五台山自然保护区缓冲区>矿区外山沟>矿区资源整合界线>矿界内西部>矿界内东部>矿区公路旁>炸药库>选煤场>尾矿库>破碎场>开采区,反映了铁矿开采活动对周边环境干扰强度逐渐增大。Simpson指数λ能很好地反映优势种在植物群落中的地位和作用的大小。

The ecological responses of plant community to iron mine exploitation and the diversity of plant community under different disturbance intensity were investigated by using the richness index R,Shannon-Weiner index H′,Simpson indexλ,and evenness index E1.The results showed that the 32 sample plots were classified into 7 community types based on the field survey and classification principle and system of Chinese Vegetation,which were the main types of the plant community of different function areas in iron mine.According to the value of Shannon-Weiner index,the order of the species diversity of different function areas was in the following： Wutai Mountain Nature Reserve bufferThe valley outside the mineResource integration boundariesThe west of the mineThe east of the mineThe highway sidePowder storageSelection coal fieldTailings reservoirCrushing fieldExploitation area,which eflected the disturbance intensity to the surrounding environment.Simpson index could reflect the status and the function of dominant species in the plant community.