求职过程的微观分析:结构特征模型

A Micro-Analysis of the Job-Search Process:A Structural Property Model

本文将人力资本理论、地位获得模型和劳动力市场分割理论置于中国社会转型背景下的微观求职过程,研究经济地位与社会地位获得影响因素的差异性。研究发现,在控制了其他特征结构变量之后,教育回报率显著下降,显示了结构性因素的重要性;先赋性与自致性因素对社会地位与经济地位获得有不同的影响;体制分割下,先赋性与自致性因素对求职结果的作用强度有着显著差异。

Job-search process and status attainment are crucial aspects of labor market research and have long attracted scholarly attention from both economists and sociologists. Since 1960s, research in both economics and sociology has addressed these issues from different perspectives, of which the human capital theory, status-attainment model, and labor market segmentation theory are important parts. This paper puts these theoretical perspectives in the job-search process against the background of China＇s social transformation.Based on the classic theories, the study is about the differences in the influencing forces for attaining individual economic and social statuses. This paper has three main objectives.. 1） to differentially treat attaining social status and economic status due to their different mechanisms; 2） to apply the classic theories to the micro-process of job search in transitional China and explain the variability in status attainment outcomes with the structural property indices at the point Of hiring so that the empirical results are more convincing; and 3） to construct a status attainment model for the job-searching process in an institutionally segmented labor market in the context of transitional Chinese society. The main findings show that once structural property variables are held constant, the educational rate of return is significantly smaller, indicating the importance of structural factors in status attainment. Ascribed factors have significantly different effects on both economic and social statuses in contrast to achieved factors, In an institutionally segmented labor market, ascribed and achieved factors differ significantly in their impact on job-search outcomes.