超越科尔伯格的男性认知逻辑局限——当代道德发展理论研究的新进展

Beyond the Confines of Kohlberg's Male-centered Cognitive Logic——The Recent Improvements of Moral Development Theoretical Research

近年来,围绕科尔伯格道德认知发展理论及其发展的争论和研究,一直绵延不绝。大量文献批判性地揭示,科氏理论存在男性中心潜意识、认知独断和线性逻辑等缺陷。男性中心忽视了女性,进而在道德发展上用"公正"标准排除了"关怀"原则;认知独断将复杂道德发展的实质化约为认知发展,进而用认知发展取代了道德发展的全摄性;线性逻辑将丰富的道德发展过程假设为循序而进的"三水平六阶段",以至失适于多元文化。新近的研究因应这些批判的挑战,不仅向外开出了"关怀教育理论与实践"新路向,而且向内扩展了道德发展与社会习俗、道德认知与道德情感、道德图式与社会文化之间关系的新视野,从习俗、情感与文化三个维度修正和创新道德发展理论。

In recent years,debates concerning the Kohlberg＇s moral development theory and its development has never ended. A hrge number of documents critically reveal such problems as male-centered subconsciousness, cognitive arbitrariness and linear logic in his theories. Male-centered subconsciousness neglects female and the ＂care＂ principle in moral development is excluded with the ＇~justice＂ standard. Cognitive arbitrariness regards the essence of complex moral development as cognitive development,which inappropriately replaces the holistic process of moral development. Linear logic takes the moral development as the gradual ＂three levels in six stages＂ , which overshades its complexity and multicultural nature. On the basis of the mentioned criticisms,new theories have developed to respond to those critical chatlenges. The care theory was created and the relationships were expanded between moral development and social customs, moral cognition and moral emotion as well as moral schema and social culture. The moral development theory was modified from customary,emotional and cultural dimensions.