护理专业实习生人格特征、生活事件与心理健康的通径分析

The path analysis of personality and life events on mental health among nursing practical students

目的了解护理专业实习生心理健康状况,及其与人格特征和生活事件的关系,为该人群实习教学和实施心理干预服务提供理论依据。方法采用自制的一般人口学资料调查问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格测验(EPQ)和青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)对152名护理专业实习生进行调查。结果护理专业实习生除恐怖和精神病性因子高于国内常模外,其他因子均低于国内常模(P<0.01);影响护理专业实习生心理健康的生活事件主要为学习压力、人际关系和健康适应;SCL-90各个因子得分及总均分与学习压力、生活事件总分存在显著正相关(P<0.01),与EPQ-L存在显著负相关;多元线性回归分析显示对心理健康产生影响的因素为学习压力、EPQ-N和受惩罚。学习压力对心理健康的直接影响最大,EPQ-N和受惩罚次之,间接作用中,受惩罚对心理健康的影响最大,学习压力次之。结论临床应减轻护理专业实习生临床实习负担,积极给予心理辅导和心理咨询。

Objective To understand the mental health of nursing practical students and its relationships with personality and life event,and to provide theoretical basis for practical teaching and psychological intervention.Methods A total of 152 cases of nursing practical students were investigated with self-made general demographical data questionnaire,SCL-90,EPQ and Life Event Scale.Results Nursing practical students scored totally lower than the national youth norm expect the higher scary and psychotic factors （P 0.01）.Interpersonal relationships,learning pressure and health adaptation were the main factors which affect nursing practical student.The scores of each factors and total score of SCL-90 were positively correlated with learning pressure and total scores of life event （P 0.01）,but negatively correlated with EPQ-L.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the leading life events factors to mental health were learning pressure,EPQ-N and being punished.Learning pressure had maximum directs on mental health,EPQ-N and being punished took the second place.On direct influence,being punished was first,following by learning pressure.Conclusion Nursing practical students＇ stress on clinical learning should be lightened.In addition,the psychological counseling and consultation should be given actively.