两宋之际的党争与辞赋创作

The Party Struggles and Cifu Composition in the Period between the Two Songs

南北宋之际的党争异常激烈,它不仅操控着政治的走向,左右着不同学术思想的此消彼长,而且给士人的心灵投下了浓重的阴影,塑造了士人的心态。当时的党争对辞赋创作的影响是相当深广的。由党争养成的党同伐异的文化品格在辞赋中表现为回护同党、攻讦政敌、宣扬政见时热情过度而理性精神严重缺失。同时也使人们产生了对政治发自内心的疏离和厌弃,从而使辞赋也担当起抒发远离政治的人生追求的任务。"党元祐"的政治倾向使苏轼等人的辞赋为世人所瞩目,也诱发了对元祐赋风的仰慕和模仿。和戎国是达成后,歌功颂德的辞赋大行其道,一些辞赋还宣扬以和为贵、反对武力征伐的思想,与和议龃龉的内容则成为辞赋的话语禁区。

The party struggle is fierce in the period between the North and South Song that it not only controlled the direc- tion of the politics, and influenced the different academic thinking but also cast a dark shadow in the scholars mind and shaped the mentality of literati. Moreover, it made a quite broad and deep influence on the Cifu composition. The Cifu had a special cultural character developed by the party struggles in performance as to protect the same party, to attack from po- litical opponents with serious deficiencies of rational spirit. On the other hand, the poets had alienation and detest attitude to politics in their heart so they expressed away from political life in their Cifu. Su Shi was famous of his Cifu after the Yuanyou party struggle because of his political tendencies which evoked the admiration and imitation on the Yuanyou style of Cifu. After Song made peace with Jin, the poets turned to promote peace and to oppose the idea of the force conquest in their Cifu.