保险契约故意免责条款之故意对象研究——基于比较法的视角

From a Comparative Law Perspective to Study the Intentional Object of the Insurance Contract Deliberate Disclaimer

我国《保险法》及各保险条款均规定,投保人、被保险人故意造成保险事故的,保险公司免于保险金给付责任。但两者均未明确故意的对象究竟是指损害的结果还是引起损害的原因行为。依照疑义利益解释原则,应作出有利于被保险人一方的解释,即采损害结果故意说,这也是当今各国判例的倾向。然而,当行为人的行为具有明显的违法性时,作为例外,应当适用故意免责条款,否则将助长不法行为的发生,违背保险制度应有宗旨。

China＇s Insurance Law and various insurance terms stipulate that the insurance company is out off the responsi- bility of the insurance payment when the insurance accident was caused intentionally by the applicant or the insured. But neither is clearly whether the object of intention refers to the result or the causing action of damages. In accordance with the interpretation principles of doubt the interests, the doctrine of damage result oriented intention should be adopted in favor of the insured which represents the world tendency of case laws. However, when the action was obviously illegal, the intention exemption clause should be applied, otherwise, the doctrine may encourage illegal behavior which runs counter to the pur- pose of insurance system.