“许乎”与“达尼希”：撒拉族与藏族关系研究

Xuhu and Danixi:The Relationship between Sala and Tibetan People

在撒拉族与藏族的交往关系中,有"许乎"、"奥西"、"夏尼"和"达尼希"四个表示两族关系的词,其中",许乎"与"达尼希"是最常用的。"许乎"是藏语,意即朋友;"达尼希"是撒拉语,意即"认识的人"或"熟人",也可以引申为朋友。两者是甘青边界循化县撒拉族与藏族之间经常用以表示相互关系的称谓。在这里,撒藏关系非常密切,不同民族家庭之间有经常性的来往,他们互通有无,互相提供方便,在长期的交往中建立了密切的关系。但是,按照美国社会学家戈登的族群关系变量,尤其是族际通婚率来衡量撒拉族与藏族两个民族的关系紧密程度,是行不通的。本文通过深入的田野调查和经常性的观察,认为族际关系的好坏不能只通过有无族际通婚现象或族际通婚率的高低去衡量,至少这个衡量指标在循化县的个案中是没有解释力的。

Xuhu,Aoxi,Xiani,Danixi are four concepts used to express the ethnic relationship between Salar and Tibet. Among them, Xuhu and Danix are most popular. As a Tibetan word, Xuhu means "friend" while Daxini, a Salar word, refers to "acquaintance", or "friend" by extension, which is frequently used to show the relationship between Salar and Tibet in Xunhua on the border between Gansu and Qinhai province. In Xunhua, Salar and Tibet are closely connected by providing mutual aids and frequent exchanges. But this can not be explained by American sociologist Gordon’s theory of ethnic relations that measures ethnic relationship in terms of the rate of intermarriage. Through deep investigation and constant observation, the author holds the idea that ethnic relationship can not only be judged by intermarriage and the rate of it, especially in Salar’s case.