不同曝气位置曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理对虾养殖污水的试验研究

Biological Aerated Filters of Different Aeration Locations for Wastewater Treatment During Litopenaeus vannamei Culture

采用不同曝气位置的上向流生物滤池处理对虾养殖污水,连续运行30d,分析出水水质,并观察系统运行情况和装置污染状况。考察了对虾养殖污水中化学需氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、无机氮及活性磷酸盐6项指标的去除效果。结果表明:从养殖污水主要污染物指标的去除效果上看,中下部曝气生物滤池(MUBAF)要优于底部曝气生物滤池(BUBAF)。在系统进水化学需氧量质量浓度为7.62～8.20mg·L-1,氨氮质量浓度为0.62～0.65mg·L-1,硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.54～0.59mg·L-1,亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.23～0.27mg·L-1,无机氮质量浓度为1.40～1.47mg·L-1,活性磷酸盐质量浓度为0.24～0.29mg·L-1,水温为25℃～30℃时,中下部曝气生物滤池对养殖污水中6项指标的去除率分别为45.2%、88.9%、58.5%、78.8%、75.3%和25.1%。可见,对氨氮的去除效果最佳,亚硝酸盐氮和无机氮次之,化学需氧量和硝酸盐氮的去除效果较差,活性磷酸盐去除率最低。总体而言,曝气生物滤池在水产养殖污水应用中处理效果明显,具有可行性和实用性。

In this paper, the up-flow biological aerated filter of middle aeration Location（ MUBAF ） and up-flow biological aerated filter of bottom aeration Location（BUBAF） were adopted to treat aquacultural wastewater of Litopenaeus vannamei. The water quality indexes such as chemical oxygen demand（ COD ）, ammonia nitrogen（ NH3-N ）, nitrate nitrogen（ NO3-N ）, nitrite nitrogen（ NO2-N ）, inorganic nitrogen （ DIN ） and soluble reactive phosphates（POa-P） were measured and analysed during 30 days processing. The study focused on the effect of the purification characteristics for aquacuhural wastewater. Both the operating condition and the polluted condition of the wastewater treatment were also observed. The results showed that the removal rates of pollutants above using MUBAF were superior than that using BUBAF. When the temperature was 25-30℃, and the ranges of concentrations in the effluent of COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, DIN and PO4-P were 7.62- 8.20, 0.62-0.65, 0.54-0.59, 0.23-0.27, 1.40-1.47, 0.24-0.29 mgL-1, respectively. The removal rates of COD, NH3-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, DIN and PO4-P were 45.2%, 88.9%, 58.5%, 78.8%, 75.3% and 25.1%, respectively by MUBAF. Among them,the removal rates of NH3-N were the highest, and that of PO4-P lowest. It is thus concluded that the technology of BAF is feasible and practical to apply in aquacuhural wastewater treatment.