何天炯与同盟会东京本部

He Tianjiong and the Tokyo Headquarters of the United League

何天炯是1905—1911年同盟会东京本部存续期间,唯一一位与本部相伴始终、一直任职并坚守的重要干部。通过追踪何天炯的足迹,能够揭示中国同盟会的这一重要组织机构——"东京本部"的组织、活动及其作用。何天炯是同盟会创建与发展的参与者,是革命后方基地的守护人,对于同盟会东京本部在生存条件恶劣、内部派系纷争及组织涣散之下维持生存作出了独特贡献,特别是对平衡孙黄两派关系、调和内部矛盾、弥补领袖缺失、维护组织团结发挥了一定作用。何天炯的活动也反映出,东京本部虽后期组织趋于涣散,但仍作为同盟会革命活动的一个后方基地,对于维系革命组织、聚合革命队伍、支援武装起义发挥着无可替代的作用,而以往辛亥革命史记述中对东京本部的作用有所忽视与贬低。

He Tianjiong was the only important cadre in the Tokyo Headquarters of the United League who resolutely held office throughout the Headquarters' existence from 1905 to 1911.The Tokyo Headquarters was a very important institution within the United League,and by retracing He Tianjiong's tracks,we can throw light on its organization and activities and on the roles it played.He Tianjiong participated in the League's establishment and development,and was the protector of this rear base of the revolution.He made a unique contribution to maintaining the League's Tokyo Headquarters in the face of terrible conditions,inner factional strife and lax organization.In particular he played important roles in balancing relations between the Sun Yat-sen faction and the Huang Xing faction,reconciling inner conflicts,compensating for the loss of leaders and maintaining the unity of the organization.He Tianjiong's acts also reflected the fact that even though the Tokyo Headquarters tended toward disorganization in its later years,it remained a rear base of the League's revolutionary activities.It played irreplaceable roles in maintaining the revolutionary organization,assembling revolutionary forces and supporting armed uprisings.However,the existing writings on the history of the 1911 Revolution overlook and belittle the roles of the Tokyo Headquarters.