论我国渔业协会与政府关系的演化路径

Research on the evolution path of the relationship between fisheries associations and government in China

随着经济社会环境的变迁,我国渔业协会与政府关系的演化遵循着国家主义、国家法团主义、社会法团主义这一路径。在计划经济时代,渔业协会生存的空间狭窄,完全受政府掌控,为行政编制或事业单位编制,被整个纳入国家体制,基本上是作为政府的附属机构发挥作用,与政府的关系体现的是国家主义。在经济转型期,渔业协会获得了一定的自主性和较多的生存空间,承担了政府尝试让渡的一部分管理与服务职能,但仍处于受钳制型地位,政府不敢完全放开,仍然通过数量和种类的限制、领导人选择、代表性垄断等手段对渔业协会实施一定程度的强制性控制,两者的关系演化为国家法团主义。预期在成熟的市场经济阶段,渔业协会将获得相对独立型地位,承担的管理与服务职能进一步拓展与深化,与政府相互增权而不是对抗,但仍受到政府的非强制性控制,两者关系反映的是社会法团主义,而不是多元主义的镜像。

Along with economic and social transition, the relationship between fisheries associations and government evolves from Statism, State Corporatism, to Societal Corporatism. In the era of planned economy, fisheries associations were totally dominated by government as its organs to discharge their functions. They were administrations or public institutions established with narrow existence space, which were wholly incorporated into state system. Their relationship embodied Statism. During the transformational period, fisheries associations have obtained a certain degree of autonomy and more existence space to undertake part of government＇ s trial transferred functions of management and service delivery. Still, fisheries associations are in a restrained status, since government doesn＇ t totally let them go and exerts a certain degree of compulsory control over them by number and type constraint, leaders choosing and representative monopoly. Their relationship evolves to State Corporatism. In the new period of mature market economy system, fisheries associations will obtain relatively independent position and their functions of management and service delivery will expand and deepen further. Their relationship will not be mutual antagonism but mutual empowerment, though they are still controlled by government by noncompulsory ways, which reflects not Pluralism but Societal Corporatism image.