基于中药乙醇提取物的柑橘采后保鲜与抑菌技术

Fresh-keeping and Antibacterial Technology of Citrus Fruits Based on Ethanol Extracts from Chinese Herbs

以意大利青霉、指状青霉、柑橘链格孢为供试菌种,采用生长速率法对30种中药的乙醇提取物进行离体抑菌试验,并将抑菌效果最好的黄连醇提物用于奥林达夏橙的活体防效和贮藏保鲜试验,结果表明:30种中药醇提取物对3种病原菌菌丝生长产生不同的作用效果,其中黄连抑菌效果最好,达到100%,与咪鲜胺相比无显著差异(P>0.05),其最小抑菌质量浓度为0.025 g/mL;防效试验第10天时,黄连醇提液对3种真菌孢子混合液的防治效果仍高达90.87%,与咪鲜胺处理无显著差异(P>0.05);保鲜试验进一步表明黄连醇提液能有效降低夏橙果实腐烂和霉变的发生,提高好果率,减少果实中可滴定酸和维生素C损失,与咪鲜胺处理相比,无显著差异(P>0.05)。

The plant resources with inhibitory effect on postharvest pathogenic fungi from citrus fruits were screened so as to provide the theoretical basis for the development of botanical fungicide.The experiments investigated inhibitory effects in vitro with 30 kinds of ethanol extracts from Chinese herbs against P.italicum,P.digitatum and Alternaria.citri by using mycelial growth rate method,and control effects in vivo and storage effects of Valencia orange with Coptis chinensis ethanol extracts.The results showed that 30 kinds of Chinese herbs ethanol extracts have different effects on mycelial growth of three citrus pathogens,and Coptis chinensis ethanol extracts exhibited the best antifungal effect which reached up to 100%.However,no difference was found between Prochloraz treatment and Coptis chinensis treatment（P0.05）.Minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC） of Coptis chinensis ethanol extracts is 0.025 g/mL.Control test showed that the control effect of Coptis chinensis ethanol extracts against the mixtures of three kinds of spores achieved 90.87% after 10 d of treatment,and there was no significant difference（P0.05） between Coptis chinensis treatment and Prochloraz treatment.Preservation test indicated that Coptis chinensis ethanol extracts could obviously decrease the incidence of rotting rate and molding of Valencia orange fruits,increase the good fruit rate,and retard the losses of titratable acidity and vitamin C in fruits.Compared with Prochloraz treatment,there was no difference（P0.05）.These results indicated that in vitro experiments,control effect and preservation test exhibited a good antifungal effect with Coptis chinensis ethanol extracts.Therefore,Coptis chinensis ethanol extracts may have a possibility to replace chemical fungicides and a new pesticide can be developed.