大功率机车车轮材料微观组织对性能的影响

Effect of microstructure on properties of high-power locomotive wheel steels

国产大功率机车车轮的自主创新,需要对车轮材料的各项性能进行全面研究。针对大功率机车试制的3种新型车轮材料进行了微观组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能研究。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察微观组织形貌,并对先共析铁素体量、珠光体层片间距和显微硬度进行了测试,研究了3种车轮材料的微观组织;通过力学性能试验,获得了车轮材料强度、硬度、塑性和韧性等性能数据;通过Optimol SRV摩擦磨损试验,测试了车轮材料的滑动摩擦磨损性能。通过对车轮材料微观组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的分析比较,发现3种车轮材料的磨损机制有较大差异,而不同的滑动摩擦磨损性能主要由微观组织及其力学性能的差别所决定。

The overall material properties of newly designed wheels are necessary to be studied for the autonomous innovation and nationalization of high-power locomotive wheels. Microstructure, mechanical properties as well as friction and wear properties of three wheel materials, which were newly designed as future high-power locomotive wheels, were investigated. The microstructures of the three wheel materials were observed by using both of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope; the proeutectoid ferrite volume, pearlite lamellar spacing and micro-hardness were tested. The microstructure of the three wheel materials was studied and the mechanical properties of the three wheels were obtained through tensile, impact and hardness tests. Optimol SRV friction-wear test was used to carry out sliding friction and wear test at room temperature. By comparing the three wheals＇ microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological performance, the different abrasion mechanism were found among the three wheel steels, which was mainly determined by the and the respective mechanical properties.