农田生态补偿方式的选择及市场运作——基于武汉市383户农户问卷的实证研究

FARMERS′ SELECTION OF FARMLAND ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION MODE AND ITS RELEVANT FACTORS——A CASE OF 383 HOUSEHOLDS IN WUHAN CITY

选择交易成本低、具有操作性的补偿方式,实现农田生态产品的市场运作,是农田生态补偿制度实施的关键。利用问卷调查资料,分析了武汉市农户对不同农田生态补偿方式的认知、选择以及其影响因素,在此基础上指出了政府补偿方式在农田生态补偿领域的缺陷及引进市场方式的建议。研究表明:(1)武汉市农户对农田生态补偿的认知程度较低,仅有10.71%的受访农户听说过生态补偿、生态危机等概念;(2)49.02%农户对现行的现金补偿方式不太满意,认为补偿金额太低,94.65%的受访者更倾向于接受更高额度的现金补偿方式;(3)农户对现金、实物、技术(智力)、政策等农田生态补偿方式的选择偏好受其性别、年龄、家庭人口、家庭年收入、家庭中需抚养人口数和文化程度的显著影响。研究提出构建农田生态补偿的交易平台、完善生态环境物品数量化的体系设计和管理模式的多样化是推进农田生态补偿的市场化运作的关键。

Choosing a ecological compensation mode of farmland with low transaction cost and easy operation,realizing the market operation of farmland ecological products,are the key to a successful implementation of ecological compensation mechanism.This paper analyzed the farmers′ cognition and preferences of farmland ecological compensation mode and the relevant factors that affected their selection based on the survey data.What′s more,the author pointed out the defects of government compensation mode in farmland ecological compensation field,and then discussed the suggestions of introducing the market mode.The results showed that：（1）only 10.71% farmers have heard the conceptions of ecological compensation and ecological crisis;（2）49.02% farmers are not satisfied with the current compensation mode because of its low amount,94.65% of them are more inclined to accept higher level of cash compensation mode;（3）the Logistic model was used to analyze the factors that affect their selection of farmland ecological compensation mode.According to the results,farmer′s gender,age,family incomes,raising population and education level respectively affect their selection of cash,technology,policy and comprehensive farmland ecological compensation modes significantly.Finally,the study propose that constructing the trade platform for farmland ecological compensation,promoting the innovation of technology of ecological commodity and diversifying the management modes are the key to realize the market operation of farmland ecological compensation.