基于河流生态系统服务功能的皂市水利枢纽工程的生态补偿标准

ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION STANDARD FOR ZHAOSHI WATER CONSERVANCY PROJECT BASED ON RIVER ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

生态补偿标准核算是生态补偿研究的核心问题之一。运用市场价值法、机会成本法、影子工程法、影子价格法、防护费用法等评估方法,以皂市水利枢纽工程为例,构建了5个生态补偿主体受益评估模型和8个生态补偿对象受损评估模型,从河流生态系统服务功能视角对皂市水利枢纽工程生态补偿标准进行了评估。结果表明:皂市水利枢纽工程建设的生态补偿标准为0.676 0×108元/a,中央政府和地方政府、水电开发业主是主要的生态补偿主体,其承担的生态补偿额分别占总生态补偿额的68.05%和26.58%;移民和河流生态系统本身是主要的生态补偿对象,其获得的生态补偿额分别占总生态补偿额的75.74%和16.95%。

The determination of ecological compensation standard is a key problem in the research of ecological compensation.Five value models（that of flooding control,hydropower,reservoir irrigation,waterway improving and reservoir breeding）of ecological compensation subject and eight loss models（that of reservoir sedimentation,reservoir inundation,construction of resettlement area,soil and water erosion,river ecosystem occupied by project,energy consumption of project construction,sewage discharge of project construction,and produce cement and steel）of ecological compensation object on Zaoshi Water Conservancy Project（ZWCP）were established by the market value method,the opportunity cost method,the shadow project method,the shadow price method and the prevention expenditure method.With the models,the ecological compensation standard of ZWCP was evaluated in the paper.The results showed that the ecological compensation standard of ZWCP was 0.676 0×108 Yuan RMB annually.The central-local government and hydropower development owner were the main ecological compensation subjects,which would bear 68.05% and 26.58% of ecological compensation standard.The resettlements and the river ecosystem were the main ecological compensation object,which would obtain 75.74% and 16.95% of ecological compensation standard.