论海德格尔的“四重体”观念与亚里士多德的四因说

On Heidegger's Idea of the Fourfold and Aristotle's Doctrine of the Four Cause

晚期海德格尔经常使用作为世界的"天、地、神、人"四重整体来言说存在问题。这种四重整体观念乃是对亚里士多德四因说的一种典型重演:一方面援用了四因说的基本框架,另一方面把专注于自然物的四因说扩展到技术制作物领域,并引入了特殊意义上的"人"这一重要因素。这种处理方式表明海德格尔既再次切近了古代形而上学,但也立足于自身的技术性时代做出了重要更新。

The later Heidegger often uses the idea of the fourfold of ＂sky, earth, divinities and mortals＂ which is called ＂world＂ as a whole to speak the happening of Being. This idea is a typical appropriation of Aristotle＇s doctrine of the four causes. On one hand, Heidegger invokes the basic framework of the doctrine, on the other hand, he tries to expand the applied range of this doctrine from growing things onto artifacts by introducing the factor of special ＂human beings＂. This phenomenon demonstrates that, Heidegger appropriates classic metaphysics once a- gain and meanwhile brings about significant breakthrough and transformation from the standpoint of his technological age.