科学主义与高技术时代的社会危机治理

Scientism and Social Governance Crisis in High-tech Era

科学主义及其主导下的专家精英决策体制是激化高技术时代社会冲突、引发治理危机的重要因素之一。生物技术领域的诸多前沿进展和科学社会学的观察研究正在从多个层面挑战这种主流的科学文化观。自20世纪70年代开始,欧美各国首先通过技术评估的策略来化解当代社会的治理危机。随着社会治理环境的变化和治理难度的升级,其相应的模式逐步从经典式技术评估走向参与式技术评估、论辩式技术评估和建构性技术评估,总体取向是不断扩大公众参与的空间和深度,逐步消解科学主义及其主导下的技术精英决策体制的负面影响。欧美各国的社会治理经验值得正处在自主创新调整期的中国社会思考和借鉴。

Scientism and technical elite decision-making system is important factor which sharpen social conflicts and governance crisis. The de- velopments of biotechnology and investigations of sociology are challenging to this dominant scientism perspectives. The government in U. S. and EU has start to use technology assessment （TA） to solve social governance crisis in high-tech era since 1970s, and gradually from classical TA to participatory TA, argumentative TA and constructive TA with the change of the governance environmental and difficulty, the general trend is broaden the sphere of public participation and weaken the impacts of scientism and technical elite decision-making system. The govern- ance experiences from U. S. and EU deserve China consideration.