功能性异常语音发音特点的研究

STUDY ON ARTICULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONAL SPEECH DISORDERS

:目的 作者通过对功能性语音障碍病人的异常音分析,阐明异常构音的特点,从而为制定有效治疗计划提供客观依据。方法 经诊断为功能性异常语音的患者共75例(不包括唇腭裂患者),无智力、听力障碍,咬合关系正常;男性:48例,女性:27例,最大年龄为24岁,最小年龄为4岁,平均年龄为8.16岁。根据语音录音资料并反复观察及记录患者唇的开合度、舌位高低与前后、上下牙列关系和下颌运动等构音器官的运动后,得出异常语音清晰度和异常构音。结果 功能性异常语音的异常语音出现率按构音点分:舌尖前音(68.44%)、舌面音(57.78%)、舌尖后音(23.11%)、舌根音(24%)和舌尖中边音(14.67%)、舌尖中音(17.33%),它们可单独出现,也可两种异常音并存;按语音病理学分类:腭化音占37.33%、侧化音占22.67%、齿间音占21.33%、腭化音+侧化音占8%、侧化音+齿间音占5.33%、鼻腔音占1.33%、其它占4%。结论 功能性异常语音的异常音主要出现在辅音中的舌尖音和舌面音,其中以舌尖前音和舌面音最多见。构音时,舌的运动位置改变是造成功能性异常语音的主要原因,由此也形成了以腭化音、侧化音。

Objective This paper is to elaborate the characteristics of misarticulation by analysing abnormal syllables occurred in patients with functional speech disorders, which can provide an objective basis for making an effective training schedule. Methods From 1994 to 1998, 75 patients are applied for this study, who have been diagnosed as functional speech disorders (excluding patients with cleft lip or cleft palate) without intellignent or hearing disabilities and malocclusion. 48 males and 27 females aged from 4 year old to 24 year old(mean age 8.16 years old) are included. Speech intelligibility and abnormal syllables can be obtained through Mandarin Speech Intelligibility From and observing activities of articulation organs, such as lip, tongue and mandible, etc.Results According to articulation position, 68.44% of misarticulations of functional speech disordes occurred in dental consonants; while 57.78% in palatal consonants; 23.11% in alveolar consonants; 24% in velar consonants; 14.67% in lateral consonant and 17.33% in retroflex consonants. According to speech pathology, 37.33% of misarticulations was palatalized misarticulation; while 22.67% lateral misarticulation; 21.33% inter dental misarticulation; 8% palatalized misarticulation with lateral misarticulation; 5.33% lateral misarticulation with interdental misarticulation; 1.33% nasopharyngeal misarticulation and 4% others.Conclusions Misarticulations of functional speech disordes mainly occurred in dental, alveolar and palatal consonants, especially in dental and palatal consonants. Alteration of tongue activity position is the key reason for functional speech disorders, which cause misarticulation, especially palatalized misarticulation, lateral misarticulation and inter dental misarticulation.